Ijarah

Ijarah Ijarah means lease, rent or wage. Generally, Ijarah concept means selling benefit or use or service for a fixed price or wage. Under this concept, the Bank makes available to the customer the use of service of assets / equipments such as plant, office automation, motor vehicle for a fixed period and price. Advantages Of Ijarah The following are the advantages of Ijarah to lessee: 1)Ijarah conserves capital as it may provide 100% financing. 2)Ijarah enables the Lessee to have the use of the equipment on payment of the first rental.This is important since it is the use (and not ownership)of the equipment that generates income. 3)Ijarah arrangements are flexible because the terms and rental provision may be tailored to suit the needs of the Lessee. Therefore, it aids corporate planning and budgeting. 4)Ijarah is not borrowing and is therefore not required to be disclosed as a liability in the Balance Sheet of the Lessee. Being an â€Å"off balance sheet† financing, it is n ot included in the computation of gearing ratios imposed by bankers.The borrowing capacity of the Lessee is therefore not impaired when leasing is resorted to as a mean of financing. 5)All payments of rentals are treated as payment of operating expenses and are therefore, fully tax-deductible. Leasing therefore offers tax-advantages to profit making concerns. 6)There are many types of equipment, which becomes obsolete before the end of its actual economic life. This is particularly true in high technology equipment like computers.Thus the risk is passed onto the Lessor who will undoubtedly charge a premium into the lease rate to compensate for the risk. A Lessee may be willing to pay the said premium as an insurance against obsolescence. 7)If the equipment used is for a relatively short period of time, it may be more profitable to lease than to buy. 8)If the equipment is used for a short duration and the equipment has a very poor second hand value (resale value), leasing would be th e best method for acquisition

Nurse on Thinking Outside the Box

Innovative thinking is required but In order to do so, one must gain ample experience to foresee crisis that may happen upon the application of the unconventional. Getting out of the box means sucking with the problem longer, and looking at It from various sides, which may not always be suitable for a fast paced nurse, even with the right time management nurses are naturally multi-tasters and are known to accomplish one job to get on with the other. In the box thinkers often believe that every problem needs only one solution; therefore, folding more than one possible solution is a waste of time.In Nursing Leaders/Supervisors: Nursing leaders on the other hand, thinking outside of the box may mean seeking the opinions of others which can help in the creative thinking process. As a nurse leader, one can improve out of the box thinking if one seeks ideas from those outside of one's own profession. Asking oneself on how things are being done in other industries could go a long way from J ust going around his/her own department. Through this, a leader can easily seek what ideas can be best applied to a particular situation/task/problem and this requires a willingness to take new respective to day-to-day work.As nurse leaders, they need to nurture their ability to think outside the box and promote this skill in others. In Nurses Working in Offices: While nurses who have ventured outside the clinical set-up and have chosen the cubicle type of work environment, by doing so only proves that they're one of the outside of the box thinkers. They are the ones who like to challenge their own assumptions on a regular basis, which can be the most difficult part of out of the box thinking. One must remember that Just because something has always been one ay, doesn't mean that it has to continue to be that way.Out-of-the box thinking requires openness to new ways of seeing the world and willingness to explore. It means considering other Innovative options, from roles as nurse edu cators, executive nurse leaders and policymakers, to nurse entrepreneurs, retail clinic nurses, nurse Informatics and researchers–to name a few–we have seen how nurses have been able to parlay their clinical backgrounds and health care skill sets Into entirely new realms, one must not stop because even great creative people can become In-the-box thinkers when they stop trying.

Morality and Obligation Essay

1. Two preliminary steps taken, that may be necessary, before one can intui? vely appreciate the rightness of an ac? on are thinking fully about the consequences of an ac? on. In other words, think before you act. Also give thought (considera? on) to the persons involved in said ac? on or your rela? on(ship) with the persons involved. 2. An ac? on is considered morally good in addi? on to being right when it is the right thing to do, while also stemming from a good place. When the person or â€Å"agent† performs said act because it is right, from a feeling of obliga? on, a morally good act is also right. 3. According to Prichard, an ac? on done from a sense of obliga? on, there is no purpose â€Å"consis? ng either in the ac? on itself or in anything which it will produce†. A mo? ve, being something that moves one to act, can be the sense of obliga? on, an ac? on done from a sense of obliga? on can indeed have a mo? ve. 4. Avirtuous act is done from a desire that is intrinsically good. A moral act may be done from obliga? on. There can’t be an obliga? on to act virtuously, because we can only â€Å"feel an obliga? on to act† or do something. We cannot, however, feel an obliga? on to act from a certain desire 5. It is a mistake to expect moral philosophy to prove through argumenta? on that we ought to ful+ll our obliga? ons, because moral rightness â€Å"cannot be demonstrated, only apprehended directly by an act of moral thinking†. The sense of obliga? on is a result of a moral thought or thoughts. Moral philosophy can provide re-ec? on on the â€Å"immediacy of our knowledge of moral rightness† and the intui? ve recogni? on of the goodness of the virtues.

BHS 499 (Computer & Information Systems) Module 4 SLP Essay - 2

BHS 499 (Computer & Information Systems) Module 4 SLP - Essay Example faculty who can teach students seeking to enroll in nursing; most of the present nursing faculty members are aging (around 50- to 54 years of age); there is inadequate pool of younger faculty; the lack of emphasis or focus on teaching educational principles in line with the strict clinical, didactic and research curricula of majority of the masters and doctoral programs; faculties in nursing have ineffective and diluted role expectations which are aggravated by tremendous role-related stress; new faculty members, the desire to be successful in all facets of academe; there is lack of competitiveness in salaries related to the clinical sector; too few nursing faculty members are prepared for doctoral programs; there is high faculty workload, lack of qualified applicants and less faculty are willing teach clinical courses as well as to conduct research. Therefore, in relation to the above-mentioned nursing issues on the difficulty to recruit and retain nursing educators, the AANA Education Committee made some actions or interventions and integrated it in the strategic plans. The organization made some leadership changes which included some elements of faculty, administrative, financial, political as well as perception concerns. The team also conducted a web-based survey on CRNA faculty recruitment and retention in January 2006 in order to evaluate professional needs of nursing faculties, basis for a development workshops and other development programs. The results of the survey (Starnes-Ott & Kremer, 2007) revealed that if the needs of most faculty members will be ranked accordingly, there concern is much directed towards the need for assistance in order for them to prepare for the doctoral programs, an innovative instruction like distance learning and human patient simulation and development of the curriculum. The above findings are not very surprising, in fact, other researchers have sought the same information at different clinical and educational settings

Ethical Theories Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Theories - Assignment Example However, most of the time a decision taken for the interest of an individual usually affects the interests of others. In such a case, other people may regard such actions as unethical. A critical evaluation of such a situation is likely to lead to a conclusion that every person is an egoist because an offence usually occurs when their interests are not achieved. According to Cecily and Payne (1990), â€Å"the free market economy operates under such philosophies†. This kind of market devoid of government influence through regulations generates a society in which each individual seeks to satisfy personal interests, and if everybody is successful, then the society will benefit as a whole. So long as each individual in business will be capable of making profits legitimately, then he/she will have fulfilled the moral obligation of the business. However, it is important for people to distinguish between egoism and selfish interests. It is most likely that selfish interests will cause an imbalanced society whereby some individuals will be deprived. Export of capital is significant in fulfilling economic goals. It facilitates growth of foreign direct investments and businesses in foreign countries grow. This helps in increasing the profitability of capitalists who would otherwise suffer a reduction in profits due to lack of opportunities for investment despite the surplus capital. In the less developed countries, there is scarcity of capital while the market remains unexploited, and there is availability of cheap land. On the other hand, there are cheap labour as well as cheap raw materials. Export of capital is also significant in the maintenance of a balance of trade (Tone 1991). This is because if a country liberalizes its market for foreign investors, which is the case in the United States, it also needs to find market for its domestic products, which helps in increasing exports so that the imports do not exceed the

Professional development for strategic managers Essay

Professional development for strategic managers - Essay Example An individual must, of course, sustain all of the mandated academic talents associated with the entire business value chain, including fundamental knowledge of strategic planning, implementation, control and evaluation. Further, the individual seeking the role of strategic manager must identify with cultural issues, the external environment related to stakeholders/shareholders and consumer demand, as well as the fundamental skills that are provided by sociological and psychological curricula. Outside of these academics-based learnings are more complex understandings of the self as it relates to emotional intelligence, motivational factors that drive goal attainment and learning, as well as having a practical understanding of personality constructs and learning style. There are countless theorists that can describe the systems view of the strategic management process, however transposing theory to practical application in the real-world business environment requires a talented blend o f knowledge and self-understanding. The report highlights literature regarding specific aspects of achieving success in the role of strategic manager, supplemented by a forthright self-analysis of skills development and capabilities in order to determine strengths versus weaknesses in priority aspects of skills associated with strategic theory and application. The student created a pre-set list of criteria, based on consultation with considerable secondary resource studies, that would be most critical for an honest self-assessment. In order to fully measure areas requiring development, the student needed to examine the structural, interpersonal, cultural and adaptive behaviours needed to become a successful strategic manager and leader. The assessment, in order to create a realistic and priority personal development plan, required consultation with theorists and case studies involving change management, developing and evaluating quality control systems, the psycho-social elements of management and interpersonal relatio nship development, as well as various literature on effective teaching and learning as these are fundamental in being a strategic practitioner. Besides the student’s many personal strengths in multiple areas, the following were identified as requiring re-assessment and development to attain success in the strategic career role. These include: The ability to teach others in team-focused environments Effective promotion of change leadership philosophy Teaching others to assess and analyse qualitative and quantitative research data Improvement of knowledge regarding cultural diversity principles Advanced development needs in psycho-social learnings for leadership improvement Outside of the more structural and systems view of strategic

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 179

Summary - Essay Example In connection to this, complications of masticatory organ are considered the third stomatological disease because of their chronicity and extensive prevalence. Their otolaryngological symptoms include sudden hearing loss, ear plugging sensation as well as earache, swallowing difficulties, vertigo, as well as tinnitus and sore and burning throat. The research method involved analyzing the response of medical interviews of patients undergoing prosthetic treatment. The result showed that earache as well as sudden hearing impairment was common. Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) is claimed to cause the imbalance of the body. Research study involved use of questionnaires in evaluating the impact of TMD on cervical spine ROM as well as reduction of spinal pain. Treated (with occlusal splint) and control groups were used in the study. The result showed that treatment with occlusal splint improved TMJ function, cervical spine as well as reduction of spinal pain. In relation to this, chronic oral along with facial pain syndromes need the intervention of the physicians with medical specialties. Improper differentiation of other sources of pain from idiopathic facial pain results to improper treatment. Thus, characterization of pain resulting from trigeminal neuralgia as well as TMJ dysfunction is important before treatment. The study was aimed at identifying the correlation of sleep bruxism (SB), tinnitus and TMD. The result evidenced the association between TMD and tinnitus and lower magnitude association with SB. The absence of SB in presence of painful TMD was linked with tinnitus whereas the presence of both SB and painful TMD was associated with a very severe tinnitus. In connection with this, this study investigated the association of the occurrence of TMD in elderly with the palpation of TMJ in addition to masticatory and cervical muscles, presence of headache as well as

StarBurst Technologies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

StarBurst Technologies - Case Study Example Quality techniques and quality assessment tools are also suggested in this article. StarBurst Technologies (ST) has their name in the field of technology especially in the market of MP4. Their last product has marketed so well that it provided the required capital for the investment in their new project. That product was Stroll-a device through which all directions to the computer can be given through voice. It was designed to work at the place of mouse. They were going to launch another product which was a mega project too. But this time there are threats to the company's reputation. Their plants in Australia and Asia were not working at per satisfactory level of quality. The rejected Stroll units were running at 43 percent which is enough ratios to effect the reputation of ST. ST is facing problems of bad reputation as well as some quality issues were also faced by some suppliers. Some of the suppliers were found to be not working as per requirement of their job and others need more understanding their job. The above all situations were in the mind of the Operations Director (OD) and he was thinking to resolve these issues. He was satisfied on one aspect of the issue that they have four weeks to set all the issues. 1- ST's suppliers have a number of problems that need fixing. ... 3- There are a number of quality issues highlighted and it is not possible to change all the suppliers, so the only way is to improve how some suppliers work. Provide recommendations for the quality technique a supplier could adopt and why. 4- Having selected the quality technique the need is now to make recommendations on their quality assessment tools that can be used in assessing the issues and problems. 5- State the assumptions made on any aspect of the article. The main problem described in the report is the working behavior of suppliers of the company. It is the fact that it is hard to change the all supplier structure. Rather there should be a planned, well define guideline for system of work of the suppliers to be followed. One to One Market Strategy It is an approach more than a sales approach. It is also called one component, one supplier, one market strategy. It means to identify the customers' needs and then provide the services to one customer at a time. Clearly one supplier will deal with one customer at a moment of time. This strategy aims to recognize the customers' requirements, their complaints and issues on which they want the company to improve its services or products. The basic concept behind this strategy is to concentrate on the customers rather than products or services. It is strongly recommended to identify the company's customers. In customer identification, usually two types of customers are found: 1- A customer who switches to any other company in seek of bargain. 2- A customer who does not switch to any other company rather wants to get a product meeting his/her requirements from the same

Acute Care Nursing - Reflections on Practice Essay

Acute Care Nursing - Reflections on Practice - Essay Example This paper evaluates management of a midwifery case of a 29-year old who after presenting bleeding at 35.5 weeks of pregnancy undergoes an emergency caesarean section (C/S) and in the recovery room for post-surgery, bleeding continues despite IV infusion. After four hours, the woman is pale and responds poorly to non-verbal cues. The midwife has to assess Yee to ensure that her bleeding is not due to any other underlying risk factor but for cesarean section in her third stage of labor (Jacob, 2012, p. 415). Yee has experienced postpartum hemorrhage even though her blood loss after the cesarean birth is 700mL just four hours after the operation and there is a possibility of retained placenta fragments in her uterus given that her fundus is boggy and non-contracted (Yogev, 2004, p. 486). For accurate assessment of the fundus, the mother should be required to empty her bladder to eliminate interference with the uterine and lie flat on her back while flexing her knees. If the fundus is still soft and boggy, massaging should be performed gently until it gets firm. Retained fragments are ranked as one of the main cause of late postpartum hemorrhage and in the case of Yee, shock, continued bleeding, and boggy uterus are some main signs and symptoms. Further, the midwife must also ensure that fundus palpitation is d one frequently to determine ongoing muscle tone but this should not involve over massage as it fatigues the muscles (B-Lynch, 2006, p. 396). Since effective uterine contraction is the goal, bladder distention must be prevented since it displaces the uterus. Besides the administration of intravenous fluid, a physician can provide manual removal especially if the cause is incomplete separations of the placenta. The midwife must use communication to manage Yee’s feelings of faintness and dizziness that makes her not to respond to verbal cues (Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health (CEMACH), 2010). Sub-consciousness is due to orthostatic hypotension after birth and cautions the midwife of the patient’s safety. Hypotension arises from blood results loss causing blood pressure to lower to about 90/50 and a heart rate of 120 in attempts to circulate the blood in the body.

How has voting become less valuable as we have expanded the suffrage Essay

How has voting become less valuable as we have expanded the suffrage of our citizens - Essay Example 14th Amendment was passed in 1868 declaring all those who reside in US or being born in US as citizens of US. 15th Amendment was passed in 1870 against any kind of discrimination such as color, race or ancestral status. 17th Amendment was passed for direct elections of senators of US. 19th Amendment was passed in 1920 against discrimination on the basis of gender and 26th Amendment was passed in 1971 against discrimination on the basis of age above eighteen years. All the passed and stated amendments prove that enough suffrage has been provided to the nationals of US but with expansion of suffrage, people have shown less interest towards voting. People do not vote because they feel no change in their day-to-day lives as to whatever happens in politics. They consider their participation as invalid and valueless. People fought for their rights to vote to see some transformation in their lives that is beneficial for them. When they saw no change, their interest in voting got lessened in spite of the suffrage. Expanded suffrage has only informed people about their rights but in actuality, no practical rights were given as people are deprived of their rights due to which, they consider voting less valuable. People also try to avoid politics and remain busy in their own activities due to which, they show lacking interest towards

Hydrogen Peroxide and iodine ions Essay Example for Free

Hydrogen Peroxide and iodine ions Essay The reason for the blue-black complex is due to the formation of polyiodide chains during the reaction between starch and iodine. The amylose in starch forms helices with which the iodine molecules align, causing a transfer of charge. This charge transfer corresponds to the absorption spectrum, in which the blue-black colour is the complementary colour. The details of this reaction are not fully known yet. The strength and deepness of the colour is dependent on the amount of amylose present. 3The rate of the reaction can be explained by the collision theory, which shows that the rate can be altered by4: concentrations, pressure, temperature, intensity of radiation, particle size, surface area and a catalyst. In this experiment I will be looking at concentrations, temperatures and the affect of a catalyst. The collision theory also states a reaction will only take place if threeconditions are met: 1. Reactant particles collide with each other The reactant particles must collide with the correct orientation. 3. The collision must provide enough energy to overcome the activation energy. 2This is due to the fact, if particles collide but are not orientated correctly the molecules will just bounce of each other, this is often due to charge of the molecules which causes repulsion if the orientation is incorrect. If particles collide with the correct orientation, they must collide with a minimum energy otherwise they will just bounce of each other. The activation energy is used to break some of the original bonds, which is essential for a reaction to occur. The activation energy is this minimum energy and can be shown on an energy profile. We can see from the below graphs how in an endothermic reaction the energy of the reactants is lower than the energy of the products, this is why it absorbs heat. Whereas an exothermic reaction will give out heat as the reactants have a higher energy than the products. 2The activation energy can be marked on the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve. The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution refers directly to gases, however the principles can be taken and applied to liquid reactions also. 5The area underneath the curve represents the different particles and their level of energy. Only the particles that have energy higher than the activation energy will undergo a reaction. We can see that the kinetic energy of a molecule can never be zero, but theoretically can be ever increasing, as there is no defined maximum energy value. You can then change the shape of the curve or move the activation energy in order to increase the number of collisions that overcome the activation enthalpy. Changing certain variables can do this, which is what will be done in this experiment. 6 7 The first variable I will be varying is concentration of the different reactants; I will be using 5 different concentrations for each reactant. Increasing the concentration of a reactant means that there are a higher proportion of particles per unit volume. This then causes the rate of reaction to increase because particles have a higher chance of colliding  with sufficient kinetic energy to cause a reaction. 8By varying the concentration of each reactant it allows me to calculate the order of the reaction, by investigating their effects. By finding the order I can then calculate the rate constant and rate equation. As shown above the majority if the percentage errors are minimal, however we can see the largest error was that of the colourimeter which came to 7.14%. Unfortunately there is little that can be done to prevent this, as the reading is so small. I ensured the same colourimeter was used each time, to eliminate as much error as possible. In replacement of the thermometer, a digital thermometer could be used to gain a more accurate reading of the temperature, as the precision error for it is  ±0.05 °C. Other than this the equipment used was well chosen as it gave the smallest amount of error possible. The investigation was accurate as most of the percentage errors are very low and mostly insignificant. Other errors are likely to be that the room temperature varied between 19 and 23 degrees C, throughout the experiment on a day-to-day basis, a factor out of my control, therefore this would have affected the rate constant. To reduce this error and improve the experiment, each experiment could be done in a thermostatically controlled water bath. After looking at the published data of the activation enthalpy for a non catalysed, I can see my experiment is reliable as the value I got was only 5.794 KJ mol-1 off the actual activation enthalpy, however in order  to be able to fully justify my findings I would need to repeat each experiment numerous times, a minimum of three, to then allow me to calculate an average and to disregard any anomalous data. As each experiment was only conducted once, it could be that all the data is anomalous. By using two different methods at looking at how concentration affects the rate of reaction, my results are more reliable as both methods back each other up. To improve this aspect of the investigation I would use more and a wider variety of concentrations of each reactant, during the colourimetery, as only two concentrations of each were used. The main reason for this was the time allocated to this aspect of the investigation, as each run of colourimetery took around 25 minutes. To improve and investigate further into this experiment I would create a calibrate curve through the colourimeter by making up solutions of the coloured substance of known concentration, then measuring the absorbance of each, ensuring to use the same conditions as the experiment will be done as. The graph of absorbance against concentration will give your calibration curve. This would then allow me to see how much iodine was produced at each stage of the reaction. Allowing me to closely monitor the rate of reaction. A limitation of my experiment would be the catalysed experiment; due to the fact the reaction occurred so rapidly. The human reaction time is only accurate to 0.5 seconds, and in some cases the reaction took only 3 seconds, meaning the percentage error is 16.7%. To look into this particular catalyst further, I would dissolve the catalyst and dilute it to lower the concentration; this may give a longer time period before the blue-black complex forms. You would also be able to investigate if the concentration of catalyst changed the rate of reaction. Another potential way to improve this would be to investigate how different catalysts may affect the reaction and to what extent do they lower the activation enthalpy. A catalyst that could be tried would be ammonium iron sulphate, using the iron (III) ions to catalyse the reaction. Another limitation of the experiment that would have reduced the accuracy would be the fact the blue-black complex forms gradually, therefore it subject able as to when to stop the stopwatch. In order to reduce this error a black cross was marked and the experiment was stopped once the black cross could no loner be seen. However whilst conducting the temperature experiments the reaction was done in test tubes and no cross could be used, to minimise the error the stop clock was stopped immediately at the first sign of the blue-black complex. The final main limitation would be that the conical flask was swirled in order to mix the two solutions. Although best efforts were made to ensure the solutions were swirled evenly in each experiment, it is difficult to control. An improvement would be to use a magnetic stirrer, set at the same speed to ensure the same kinetic energy throughout the solutions, ensuring this did not affect the reaction. As found in the Nuffield Book of Data, I can see that the order of the reaction with respect to H+ ions is dependent on the concentration. To further my investigation it would be interesting to look further into how the concentration of sulphuric acid may cause the order to be either 1 or 0 with respect to the H+ ions. I could then look at the point at which it changed from being zero order to first order. It would then be interesting to see how this affected the activation enthalpy of the experiment. I can conclude my results are accurate and reliable, due to the fact the equipment was chosen with low precision errors and any errors given were too small to have a large impact. This can be backed up by the published data found in the Nuffield Book of Data.

Information Technology in India Essay Example for Free

Information Technology in India Essay India is one of the great standup country in the field of science and technology. every year india produces more than 500 thousands engineers. No doubt it is a bulk producers of scientists and technologists. Information Technology remain the backbone of the economical growth of India. and you can see it from the observed facts of exports. The share of IT in exports has increased by 17% from 1990 to 2001. IT based sectors such as Backoffice, remote maintainence, accounting, public service, medical, insurence and other bulk processiong fields are rapidly expending. Indian companies such as HCL, WIPRO, INFOSYS, TCS are todays tough competitors for the other IT organizations. History of Information Technology in India The setup of IT in India was done by the Tata group in association with the Burroughs at Mumbai in 1967. The first software export zone SEEPZ was setup in 1973 this was what we can call the old avatar of the IT parks. at that time 80% of indias software were exported from there. The indian government baughtEVSEM computers from soviat unions in 1968 which was used in big organizations only for the technological and scientific researchs. After the freedom of india in aug 1947 it was an economically beleaguered country. but due to the efforts of PM late. sir Jawaharlal Nehru india very repidly become a wide scientific work-field, such big that it was ranked 3rd after the USA and Soviat Unions. But due to the production of more engineers then country can consume the number of emigrants increased and this supported forigen countries to get a large step ahead from india. The most of the helping hands in the USs scientific and technological improvement was Indian, in association with the californias silicon valley. During this time the creation of new organization was in progress. with enhancement of IT in india some well known groups stood-up some of the names are, National Informatic Center, Tata infotech, Patni Computers, Wipro, Infosys etc. In 1991 Department of electronic created a corporation called Software Technology Parks of India which are owned by govt. of India. They provide VSAT communication. and after 1993 Govt. allowed pvt. companies to own dedicated links. VSNL was first to introduce Gateway E-Mail service with the 64kbps leased line service. It was the ministry of Atal Bihari Vajpai who significantly improved the IT in india by placing development of IT in the five major priorities and form National Task Force on IT and software development. and within 90 days of the creation of NTF the suggested 108 recommendation for IT sector. And new telecommunication policy IT Act 2000 was created for legal procedures of electronic transaction and e-commerce. Present Day Situation The present day situation of IT is a bit down due to the recession occurred in the market some year back but India is recovering very soon and IT sector id again on its running speed toward the progress. In the 2010 the economical revenue from the outsourcing operation of IT industry was US$ 54.33 billion which is greater then the other Asian country. and this revenue is expected to be raised up-to US$ 255billion in this decade. the major hub in IT in India is Bangalore which is also called silicon valley of India. beside this other emergind hubs are Delhi(NCR), Hydrabad, Chenni, Pune, Mumbai etc. The IT services has grown by 2.4 % in 2010 and is expected to grown at the rate of 4.2 % in 2011. according to the report of IDC in march 2010 indias data center services had a revenue estimated upto US$1.39 billion. TRAI reported that country has more than 10 million broadband subscriber and these numbers will change into 100 millions by the 2014. and the market of PC in india has grown at the rate of 27% in the past year and of Notebook computers has grown with a rate of 52 % which is surprisingly a huge ratio as compared to other countries. India is seen as a business environment and is growing like pollution in the environment(i didnt got other example of rapid growth rate). IT services and solution providers Patni computers has signed a deal of 32 million US$ with the a UK- based IT service provider. Firstsource solution has a deal with Barclaycard. vertex (CMO) has announced a joint venture with shell transource to address the domestic BPO. The market of the networking equipment in india is estimated to grow at a rate of 15 % till 2012as per reported in dec.2010. the net investment in the software and hardware market is of US$ 10,406 million according to department of industrial policy and promotion. An IT company EMC corp. will touch the investment of US$ 2 billion by 2014. A russian IT security company plans to invest 2 billion us$ in hydrabad in coming financial year. Still the Indian IT industry has no dead end in its way ahead. I wish for the continuous progress of IT in India. Note : the above discussed article is written on the basis of research on the various web resuorces. though I had tried to provide best, still there is no lack of knowledge on Internet for the subject of the same.

Business Plan For Online Shoe Shop Marketing Essay

Business Plan For Online Shoe Shop Marketing Essay Today, there are many shoe companies that sell their product through website. The customer can have much type of shoes and can choose varieties of latest shoes fashion on the web. In this task, I will find some sample website to give me some ideas on the arrangement for the new Special Shoe website. The sample website will be explained in details. The following are three websites that I have found in the Internet. http://www.mbt-shoescom.com/ A B C D E F Figure 1. (mbt-shoescom.com) Above figure shown all the MBT shoes shown on this website are much cheaper with a guaranteed quality, there is no minimum order, and you can enjoy a wholesale price even when you order one product. If you would like to put a large order, there is also more discount base on the wholesale price. MBT Online Shoe promises the good will 100% satisfy you. All the products here can be returned within 7 days after you receiving them. But the products cannot be returned in used condition unless defectives which are the manufacturers-responsibility are found. The MBT Online Shoes will be shipped within 3 days after receiving your payment. You can cancel your order within 24 hours after your order. MAIN LINKS These are links that connect customers to all main page of the website. Home Page This is about the web home page display in the great design to attract online customer to view this website. New Product This is one of the product that customer can imagine how new MBTshoe are design in latest version and trendy. Shopping Cart Customers are provided a shopping list when shopping through this website My Account This Website also provides a special form for customers to create accounts on MBT Sports Shoes, you will be able to shop faster, get information on the status of your order and may review the orders you have previously made. Contact Us This Website also provides a special space for customers to contact the company by writing a few words on the form provided. PRODUCTS This site is where customer can see one of the latest models of the sport shoes advertised in this website ADVERTISEMENT This plot is an advertisement for the use of shoes, it is a motto used by these company to promote their products. Walking in MBTs, Walking in conventional shoes and Revolution begins in the sole. CATEGORIES Customers can also find their favorite shoes in here, such like:- 2010 MBT new style MBT Sandle shoes Ospop shoes MBT Casual shoes for Mens MBT Sport shoes for Womens MBT Casual shoes for Womens Air max shoes for Mens Air max shoes for Womens SPECIAL OFFER This column advertised special offer for the latest model and style of the shoes. PRODUCT This is the site where customer can see a lot of the latest models of the sport shoes advertised in this website with special price. http://www.schuh.co.uk/ A C B D E F G Figure 2. (Schuh.co.uk) Above figure showing another sample of website, Schuh is born in North Bridge Arcade, Edinburgh since1981, its first Glasgow Store opens in Gordon Street in 1993, and its caused a sensation bringing color and variety to the footwear fashion scene in the City until now theyve dolled up their Birmingham Bullring and Belfast stores and relocated their Newcastle Eldon Square branch to the swanky new center extension. Schuh is the Best Multichannel Retailer at the Drapers retail awards and Footwear Retailer of the Year and Multiple Footwear Retailer of the Year at the Drapers Footwear awards 2010. COMPANY LOGO This is the companys logo, once it clicked its go to home page. CUSTOMERS CORNER This corner is for customer use together with company contact number. MAIN LINKS These are the main links provided for customer to go directly to the main pages of this website. The web provides 7 different links: Women This link provides types and brands of the women shoes where the customers can choose it. Men In this link, the customers can search different types and brands of the men shoes. Brands This link provides all women and men brands shoes from a to z brands shoes. Junior This link is for kids shoe either boys or girls. Bags This link is provides the products such as shoes bags and shoes cares. Sale This link is special for selling men and women shoes at reduced prices. It also provides categories for customers to choose and select on what they want from type, size and color. Help This link button provide an help services that customers might have ask such as customer services, track my order, check my gift card balance, delivery info, returns policy, size guides, FAQs and care maintenances. PROMOTIONS This ad campaign is the latest shoes at a discounted rate of interest at all times. ADVITESMENT This website will never drop out to preach the new products to its customers, especially the pattern that has not been in previous advertising. GET NEWS This website also provides space for customers on the latest news items issued by the company. INFORMATION This room is where customers can reveal about this company. Customers can also ask any questions about ordering, shipping, and discerned the history of the company. http://www.shoes.co.uk/ A B G E C D F H Figure 3. (shoes.co.uk) Above figure showing another simple of website, this website nicely design to make attraction to all customers to buy the product on the web. Main Links These are links that connect customers to all main page of the website. Home Page This is about the web home page display in the great design to attract online customer to view this website. Women This link provides types and brands of the women shoes where the customers can choose it. Men In this link, the customers can search different types and brands of the men shoes such like: Fashion Comfort and Classic Sport and Skate Outdoor and Hiking Mens Slippers Mens Accessories School and College Kids This link displays a lot of shoes to children with various types, fishion, styles and the latest styles and great for boys and girls. Brand This link displays a lot of variety in the world famous brand shoes. Customers just choose the brand which is popular and in demand. Among others, such as Alegria, * art, Azor LA MODE, BAMBOO, Bose, Ben Sherman, Blink, and many more. Department At this link, customers can access what is requested by a fast and easy way, the department offers three such departments, Women, Men and Kids department. Sale This link displays and promotes various types of shoes with the lowest prices and the biggest discounts promised. Collections This column shows the variety of famous brand shoes it is a collection provided by the company to its customers loved ones. Customers can also see the brand of shoes they like. Departments This column created in the webpage which can links to each department such as Women, Man and Kids department and displays a lot of latest fashions and styles of verities type of shoes in side there. Promotions In this column display promotions advertisement for this month, a lot of discount for all items daily. Shop by Brand In this website customers also can find their favorites shoes in this column by clicking the brand names displayed. News blog This is Shoe Blog, It contain News from the UKs best online Shoe Shop. In this side customer also can see updated latest version of shoe styles and fashions. Members Area Customer can win  £100 in Shoes every month by signing up to the newsletter. Collections This column, the customer can see the shoes collections and their verities prizes and promotions. CONCLUSIONS I have completed my Task 1 and have found these three different views of sites that specialized in online selling shoes. It would be useful for me as a guide in designing the website for Special Shoes for the current season. Currently, the few outstanding new ideas and old merge into one unique design, simple and seasonal tastes of consumers. Various fashions and styles for elderly, youth, teens and children in particular create the desire for fulfilling their tastes with competitive prices, allowing consumers take the time to surf the web and shop online at any time, because the shop opens 24 hours a day. Through these websites, consumers will also be able to get great discounts, special gifts from the famous shoe company and enjoy fabulous deals. TASK 2 PROJECT PLAN TASK 3 POWER POINT DOCUMENTATION Infrastructure limitations Despite infrastructure limitations in the Pacific, the target markets in developed countries are likely to be Internet users. Start small If unsure, start small. An existing website helps develop capacity to interact with customers and measure web potential. Lobby Government for effective IT Strategy. Lobby Government for effective IT Strategy that develops infrastructure and builds local capacity. Aware of channel conflict Channel conflict will not go away by itself, it needs active management. There are many positive examples today such as multià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœchannel strategies. Thank You Thank you and I hope this presentation can lead the business to success. TASK 4- MARKETING PLAN In this task, I will prepare a brief marketing plan for special shoes with some sample activities that can be done to promote new e-commerce services. Marketing plan is to assist in the promotion of special shoes E-commerce Services and give them a brief idea on how to promote it to a wider market. There are many activities that can be done to promote the website. We can put a few advertisements in different media to promote the website, as an example, we can make advertisements through newspapers, television, radio, posters, banners, face book, twitter, e-mail, blogs and much more. Despite the many ways that can be used for advertising through the video, but I see the use Youtube.com as blatant advertising medium of the best video so far. This is because membership of the millions of YouTube highly beneficial to your video advertising. Implementation of the various ways to promote the website to reinforce the existing customers is to make a variety of activities in it. We can tell the latest news and activities via e-mail by sending a brochure, newsletter or through social networks like Face Book, Twitter, radio and TV advertisements. To attract new potential customers we have a range of activities and events of interest and gifts to be given to potential new customers solely to promote e-commerce services. We can publish advertisements in local newspapers to introduce the website address there. We can also issue a set of pamphlets on special shoe shop as enhance the website addresses to be distributed to the shops or to the public. We can also use banner advertisements on other websites, but we must get prior permission from the owner of the website. Similarly, the bulletin board signs therefore, we can place our banner advertisements on all those billboards. In addition, we can diversify the latest designs and images to be loaded into the website, Blog and the social networking site in this way we will be able to attract customers to our website. There we will show our company name and address to facilitate our customers to browse and visit our shoe shop. By participating in the social networks, it can increase the networks list so that we can intentionally promote new services in e-commerce. But do not forget to set the face book or Twitter as a business site, so people can add to or they can just simply click the button like and we can have lots of friends list. By doing this activity, we can promote new services. Perhaps what is called a search engine optimization is a way to get subscribers to your blog or website from search engines to identify some specific way. Many articles written about this and quite pleased to be applied into your web page. But in pursuit of the highest ranking position in search engines, sometimes we over-optimize your blog or website so we can show as overly optimized. Perhaps the following points will make your blog or website we are considered over Optimize Repeating several times the main keywords in the content of our web site to increase the key word density. Using keywords in bold or italic writing repeatedly in the articles are written. Placing the reference is not related to the other pages in our blog or website. Select a blog that has links do follow we put our comments, so we had the opportunity to enhance our position in the blog search engine. Besides, we have the opportunity to add subscribers at our website. This tactic may be effective in the short term to increase the highest ranking, but it will not last long. Sooner or later the search engine robot will be able to detect this and when this happens its likely to be significantly affected. Thus the best place to follow the basic meanssearch engine optimization without excess. Another type of promotional activities is offline activities. Such as publishing advertisements in certain newspapers, to display banner advertisements on billboards, and distribute brochures or flyers at the store or to the public, include the address of your store site would have many opportunities to get more potential customers. Follow the events gathering bloggers and make as many acquaintances. Merchandise Create and share your website, or to share things of interest-free. Write articles to the media and ask them to list your web address Include your web address on your business card, if you are the seminar speaker, say the name and address of your web site. If you have a chance to speak in more general says the name and address of your web site! Another no less effectiveness way is to introduce addresses into the yellow pages directory, draw a map that shows where the location of your store. In this way, subscribers would flock rushed to your store. Special shoes may use information collected from visitors to the website for further marketing activities. With this information collected, companies can use the information to create new value for subscribers. The new value for subscribers is as offering superior subscribers history online reservations, reserve under the previous purchase and display the latest information on products in which subscribers may be interested. In addition, if the shoe stores to a special e-commerce service provider succeed, they must involve all approaches as enabling potential customers to find information easily and adjust the depth and nature of the information. With this approach may encourage subscribers to buy. Special Shoe Stores must detect and check the behavior of subscribers or visitors that they can use the information to provide customized, value-added digital products and services in their websites. Special Shoe Stores need to use technology-enabled relationship management tools so they can increase their contact with subscribers to succeed. Online chiropody services to assist in promoting the new site. This is due to online services can help subscriber on how they can select the right shoe for them to buy. Especially when the shoe stores are advertised, either through online or offline promotional activities, subscriber may be interested in by the advertising that display on foot care services. It can make subscriber want to know about the shoes they should wear. This service may attract potential new subscriber, it can promote the services of Special Shoe Store e-commerce. Conclusion Based on a strategic marketing plan to promote new e-commerce is not so difficult. As long as we understand the business consequences of this in detail, at least we should know our finances. Although there are so many types of advertisement, if we do not have enough knowledge about the right marketing plan and finance is limited, so we cannot do any advertisement. With extensive knowledge of planning and marketing plan and financial strength, I believe, with the ingenuity of this plan it may help us to promote our website. So we can easily select specific advertisement with creativity and advertising information. Therefore, a brilliant plan really gives satisfaction to customers and shop owners themselves. (1,173 words)Listen Read phonetically TASK 5 LOCATING E-COMMERCE SITE Introduction As we have discussed in the previous task, one way to ensure that the new e-commerce site can be quickly and easily found by prospective customers is by making sure the search engine will be able to find it and place it as the top of the search result. In this task, I am going to explain more on this topic. Basically, a search engine is a software program that searches for sites based on the words that you designate as search terms. Search engines look through their own databases of information in order to find what it is that you are looking for. [Wendy Boswell, (2011) http://websearch.about.com/od/enginesanddirectories/a/searchengine.htm] The search engine positioning concept Before we take a look at the importance of the search engine positioning, let me discuss about the meaning of the search engine positioning first. The first step is done by an internet browser to find any information on the internet is to type keyword or keyword into the Google search bar. If they press enter, all the articles in the web of the index in search engines, which contain the keyword in the type of internet browsers today, will appear in the result. Keyword articles and is an important partner in the internet marketing. The importance of search engine positioning The search engine positioning for your website in the search engine result is very important because internet browsers are really hungry for information, or information contained in the various fields. Therefore, to provide information or information in the article is one of the most effective ways to attract visitors to our business web. Among the reasons why the article became a key marketing methods used by experts and specialists is the first internet marketer. Our website will be in the index in a short time in the search engines. When we send the articles on our products or services to the article directories, spider, crawler, boat from a search engine will immediately visit our article and scan each item, pictures, links, words, paragraphs and what characters are there in our article identify the title, category, class, keyword, etc.. Then the information will be brought back to the search engine databases for the index to facilitate looking through the internet browser key word search. 3 suggestions on sensible domain names Domain name is the foundation of this website access to the Internet. When the search engine locates the website, it will search for the domain name first. A good domain name for the page can help this process. Choose a domain name with the host in particular, should focus on the image and quality. Search Engine Optimization laid a strong foundation for the implementation. If people see the domain name, they would know the company since the name is representing the business. If the domain is simple and clear, it will be easier to remember. In this task I like to propose some domain names, which are good, simple and easy to remember such as: www.Specialshoe.com By using this name public would respond quickly about our company. The name also has a connection with the companys brand. The name of the company may be strong enough to get potential customers. I believe other company may not use the same name. www.Shoeassorted.com These names have the potential to be brought forward. The words are very simple and easily remembered by the people who are surfing the Internet. This name also seems to reflect the diversity of products that people are very excited to find out. But most likely this name has been used by other companies from other countries makes the opportunity to gain new customers is very thin. www.Shoeexecutive.com This is also the best name we could use. The name is appropriate for companies and communities can be attracted. As the two domain names that are very simple and easy to find. The most appropriate domain name We recommend using the www.Specialshoe.com the most appropriate name for the page Special Online Shoes Store, because:- Since the domain name is the same as the name of the store, please can just guess the name of the website. Character is not too long, relatively simple to remember. Domain name can assist in locating site for potential customer Just like when we choose name for a shop, website name also has to be chosen carefully because its important to be clear and concise about the services that you offer to avoid confusion. The reasons are twofold. Firstly, if potential customers know what they are getting they will be more likely to buy a service from you and hopefully become one of your loyal customers. Secondly, the search method of the search engine will prioritized the domain name. Hence, with the good name, the website will be easier to be found. Conclusion With an understanding of search engine rankings and the importance of the right domain name and is also important to provide the best possible service to you and you will minimize the level of complaints. Remember to build your business that the companys warehouses are here to help you on the road to success. The non-geographic users instruction to help your company to provide National and feels professional, even when you are just starting. We can provide you with your domain names and web sites designed with both the contact page. This page contains the contact form to allow customers to send e-mail automatically with ease and speed. Make sure you answer quickly to meet the needs of your customers and develop a loyal customer base. Established well with it, letterhead and other items of identity will help your company provides a professional atmosphere and attract customers. All these elements are part of customer service. (932 words) TASK 6- EFFECTIVE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Introduction In this task, we will explain the different supply chain management system that can effectively help to ensure that customers e-commerce web site is provided with a high level of service. The product flow includes the movement of goods from a supplier to a customer, as well as any customer returns or service needs. The information flow involves transmitting orders and updating the status of delivery. Services designed to meet the needs of each supply chain relationships. From purchasing to issue directions to the door delivery of goods to customers, supply chain management services also allows for lower costs and provide a real service to customers and can be expected. Tracking deliveries Settings for your goods transport and logistics, so it sent the right way, play an important role in selling our products to customers. Customers receive a confirmation after purchasing the product. They are given directly to their code number to track the journey of their products until the product arrives to the customer. With this, customers will not feel cheated and are not afraid to deal with the company but will continue to subscribe to our company as a regular customer. Not only due to the satisfaction felt by customers, but will recommend our company to new potential customers. Stock levels Ensure and monitor stock levels are adequate but not too much because the products are feared to be out of date and we need to make new reservations when the stock began to decline after we make an inventory of the forecast calculation of that appropriate. By doing these activities the customer will feel more confident and believe in the strength of our company and become loyal customers as their demands meet. Demand fluctuation Total supply and demand affect prices, because if demand is rising while supply remains more or less, there will be a shortage of goods, if other factors are considered fixed, the scarcity of goods would lead to higher prices, or otherwise the price will be cheaper. Fluctuations in prices will be influenced by supply and demand, while demand and supply is influenced by purchasing power, substitute products, customer tastes, and so forth. Price fluctuations will have a balance point for the interaction between supply and demand. Quality of the Products Product quality must be very satisfying to follow customers tastes of what they have purchased. Products must be in good condition during the course of transmission. Products must conform to what the customer purchase, especially in color, size and style they want. When customers receive the products ordered, it must be in perfect quality and no damage at all. Make sure customers are satisfied with what is in receipt. Product Detail Detail about the product on the website must be clear and easy for customers to get a description of the products they want to buy. Product information on the website should not has mistakes in it to prevent from customers not satisfy with the product they purchase. This website should identify key information such as prices of products, materials that the shoe are made from, some sizes have also been pervasive, special colors and, if necessary, weight can also be included in the product information. Conclusion The conclusion of this task is the business owner needs to understand the five ways of supply chain management to ensure that e-commerce new site is provided with a great level of service for customer. With all these explanations the company will get an idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹how to manage the business more efficient and more organized. Lastly e-commerce has brought a new dimension in the shoes industry and when these concepts can help to facilitate all parties involved, including suppliers, consultants and others in which any transaction between them can be done online. I hope all this explanation has met with the aim of job 6. TASK 7- RETURN POLICY Introduction and the objective of Task 7 In this task I would like to explain about return policy that you may return any item purchased on our website. Shoes must be returned in their original boxes, but the shoe boxes cannot be marked by shipping labels. Pending inspection, a refund will be issued to you using the following policy: Return Policy Circumstances in which purchased shoes are allowed to be returned The size is not fit The product is not in a good condition such as, no shoelace hole on one of the shoe. Received the wrong item. Exchange Policy Items only can be return within 7 days from receipt of goods. Customer required to fill in the form Filled form must send to service department and they will respond within 3 days. RMA will be emailed to the customer, customer have to print it. The RMA must be placed outside the return package Goods must be received within 7 business days after the response with RMA If the price of the new pair is different, we will refund or charged the extra to the customer Goods sent for exchange are advised to be insured. All goods received must met the return condition Refund Policy The process is the same as exchange policy Refund process will take around 2 weeks time. Condition the shoe must be returned Item must be unworn and still in original condition Return in original box. Make sure dont tape and dont write on the box. Received within 7 days from invoice date Require an original sales invoice in order to process any return Responsible for paying the postal charge For refund of goods, customer must arrange and pay the return shipping charge For exchange of goods, customer must arrange and pay the return and new product shipping charge Unauthorized merchandise will be sent back at customers expense. Conclusion In this task showing the rules and regulation of return and refund policy in which the customer has to follow. This return policy shall be included in the e-commerce site to let the customer understand the terms and conditions. (378 words)

Fight Club and I Essay -- Fight Club Novel Essays

Fight Club and I "What you see at fight club is a generation of men raised by women . . .. I'm a thirty-year-old boy, and I'm wondering if another woman is really the answer I need." These words are from Chuck Palahniuk's novel Fight Club. Tyler Durden is the alter ego, and only known name of the fictional narrator of the novel. Tyler suffers from Dissociative Personality Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Primary Insomnia, and probably a host of other disorders that I am not qualified to properly diagnose. "Women have caused me nothing but trouble for twenty-one years. That's it, I'm swearing off women . . . at least for a little while." These words were spoken by me, about two months ago. I am Aaron Mobley, a very real former U.S. Marine. I suffer from Antisocial Personality Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and abnormally high testosterone levels (yes, this was all medically verified). So what do Tyler and I have in common besides similar views on relationships? Quite a bit, actually. Tyler was raised by his mother. His father abandoned them early in his life and only had sporadic contact with his son. I, too, was raised by my mother. She divorced my father early in my life, and he made little effort to further his involvement in my life from that point forward. " If you're male . . . your father is your model for God. And if you never know your father, if your father bails out or dies or is never at home, what do you believe about God?" Also from Fight Club. As you can see, I really connected with this novel. Let's start with the most obvious similarity: antisocial personality disorder, or APD. APD is, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a pervasive pa... ...t. Grand Slam, baby! That 2-1 count had me worried for a second there. This essay is entitled "To my Father." It should read "To my Fathers," because it's for all of them. It's for the one who didn't give a shit. It's for all the ones who would've cared if they'd known. It's for the one that made me what I am today. And most of all it's for me, the only man I've ever had around to fall back on when things got too rough. It is 6:30 in the morning, and my paper is done. Works Cited Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington: American Psychiatric Association, 1994. Palahniuk, Chuck. Fight Club. New York: Henry Holt and Company, LLC, 1996. Twaite, James A., et al. Children of Divorce: Adjustment, Parental Conflict, Custody, Remarriage, and Recommendations for Clinicians. Northvale: Jason Aaronson, Inc., 1998.

Erechtheion and Its Caryatids Essay -- Acropolis, Athens, ancient Greec

Located opposite the Parthenon, the Erechtheion is one of the most distinctive buildings standing on the Athenian Acropolis constructed between 421 and 406 BC. The Erechtheion replaced the Old Temple of Acropolis, which was destroyed by the Persians in 480 BC. The asymmetrical building was built of Pentelic marble, with friezes of black Elusinian limestone to take applied white marble relief sculpture. ( "Erechtheum (Erechtheion)" ) Since the complex temple sits on a slopping site, it has an irregular floor plan which consists of four chambers with multiple functions. It housed a great variety of ancient cults and many sacred objects, including the venerable image of Athena Polias in the east cella, a golden lamp made by Callimachus, a well containing sea water, which is known as the Erechtheian Sea, and the mark of Poseidon's trident, sacred shrines like the altar of Poseidon, and the altars of Boutes and Hephaestus. (Roberts, "ErechthÄ“um" ) To the south-west of the building sto od the olive tree, which is a gift of Athena to the city of Athens. The whole structure also consists of two porches, the north porch at the northwest corner is supported by six tall Ionic columns, stands at a lower level and gives access to the western cella, while below its floor it was believed to be the spot where Zeus killed the legendary King Erechteus with a thunderbolt. (theacropolismuseum.gr) In the south-west corner, there stands a uniquely projecting porch which is the most well-known part of the Erechtheion. It is supported by six massive female statues, and hence named the Porch of the Maidens, with the supporting figures known as caryatids. Below it stood the grave of Kekrops, another legendary King of Athens. (theacropolismuseum.gr) The se... ...ty Press, 2007. Oxford Reference. 2007. 3. â€Å"The Erechtheion.† The Acropolis Museum. http://www.theacropolismuseum.gr/en/content/erechtheion/0 4. "Erechtheum." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition (2013): 1. Literary Reference Center. Web. 5. Plommer, Hugh. â€Å"Vitruvius and the Origin of Caryatids.† The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 99 (1979), pp. 97-102. The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. 6. Shear, Ione Mylonas. â€Å"Maidens in Greek Architecture : The Origin of the  « Caryatids  ».† In: Bulletin de correspondance hellà ©nique. Volume 123, livraison 1, 1999. pp. 65-85. 7. Lesk, Alexandra L. â€Å"A Diachronic Examination of the Erechtheion and Its Reception†, PhD thesis, University of Cincinnati, 2005. 8. Edmondson, J. C., and MyiLibrary. â€Å"Augustus†. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009. eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 4 May 2014.

The Significance of ?Xenia? Essay -- essays research papers

The Significance of â€Å"Xenia† Ancient Greece is known for its beautiful theaters and its skilled poets. One of the most famous ones at that time and famous even now is Homer. Nobody knows who he actually is but the works that he has created are far more than magnificent. The Odyssey and The Iliad are two poems that turned into myths, have actually been accepted as part of the history of the Greeks. The Odyssey is a story about a hero from the Trojan War who struggles to get home to his family and when he finally does he faces the suitors who he fights and defeats with the help of the gods and his son who he hasn't seen for around twenty years. The gradual development of the plot, the actual, end of the book is easily noticed. A big role in that development plays hospitality or as Homer calls it the xenia. Odysseus' journey on his way back to his island Ithaca contains numerous details about hospitality and what it is to be a good or a bad host. His voyage is based on the kindness and the warmth of the people . There are gods and humans, and giants that do not appreciate the hero but he deals with them and we meet with the actual plot of the story, his homecoming. Warmth and kindness are presented within every visit described in the book. Homer draws a very good picture of how guests are welcomed, what entertainment they are given and the way they are send on their way. The picture is filled with kindness and warmth. We could say that the kind of hospitality presented in the book is hardly seen today. The different steps of welcoming some one are really interesting. The host is bathed and fed right after his arrival no matter who he is. Hosts do not really present the question that identifies their guest until later on, after he has been well rested and entertained. A great example of this is when Telemachos and Athene, in the body of Mentor, visit Nestor. When Nestor sees the two men he has never seen before he has a feast with his sons and companions. In the sight of the strangers they all stand up and greet them. The first thing that is done is to find a place for the two guests on the table and to feed them. â€Å"When they had satisfied their appetite and thirst, Nestor, the Gerenian charioteer, said: ‘Now that our visitors have eaten well, it is the right moment to put some questions to them and enquire who they are?†(Book#3line ... ...e, son, and servants they abuse for so long. "You dogs!’ he cried. ‘You never thought to see me back from troy. So you fleeced my household; you raped my maids; you courted my wife behind my back though I was alive- with no more fear of the gods in heaven than of the human vengeance that might come. One and all, your fate is sealed.†(Book #22, lines 35-40) These are the words of Odysseus, mad with the destruction the suitors have caused to his home. He kills them all, right before they are about to eat. He kills Antinous right when he is about to drink from the wine. The suitors do not deserve the food that is being served to them because of their cruelty towards the host ,the hostess and their disloyalty to him and Ithaca The Odyssey is a book that grabs its reader with its story about Odysseus and his final homecoming. There would be no homecoming or he would have been home too late to save his wife and son from the â€Å"arrogant " suitors if there was not the good hospitality of the people he visits. Everybody Odysseus meets on his way has helped the story progress by their bad or good hospitality. Therefore xenia plays a very significant role in the plot of the story.

Compare absolute and relative morality Essay

There are two types of morality, absolute morality and relative morality. An absolutist believes that certain things are always right or wrong no matter the consequences or situation, while a relativist is more concerned with outcomes and believes something is either right or wrong based in certain circumstances or situations. An absolute command is a command that is true all the time, in all places and all situations. An absolutist thinks about what is the right thing of itself, for example murder, because killing someone regardless of the consequences of an action or the results might occur. this means they approach is deontological. The system is simple and easy to apply, as a crime will be a crime regardless of the circumstances. An example is stealing, stealing is always wrong no matter the culture of the person, what the reasons were or when it happened make no difference; stealing is universally wrong and everybody knows that. There are many strengths to absolutism. firstly, because certain things are neither judged right or wrong in all situations, it makes it easier to apply than relativism. for example, in absolutism, if someone was to steal, it would be seen as wrong, while in relativism if someone steals, it might be, because they cannot afford food for their baby, so all other circumstances need to be taken into account. Also, it enable us to have a UN Declaration of human rights, as it provides a universal code to measure everything against. However, there are many weakness to absolutism as ethics are deontological which means that it pays no regard to the outcome or consequences of an action, so for example, if a poor mother stole food to feed her hungry child, this act would be judged wrong, because absolute ethics believe a crime is a crime, even though surely the stealing is for outcome and her child’s life is more important. Also no one can really know what absolute morals are since all sources of morality are open up to people’s opinions and own interpretation. However relative morality judge things relative to the situation. it means there are no universally moral principles and there is no objective truth and if there is it cannot be found. There are many advantages to relativist, such as it is flexible and takes everyone’s opinion into account, as it is based on peoples’ point of view, so no one is wrong and it also takes certain circumstances into account. For example a relativist may believe abortion is wrong, but if a poor mother with hardly any money is pregnant they might allow abortion then, because it avoids the mother bringing a child into the world and giving it a bad life, so with relativism they are more concerned with the outcome. However, there are a number disadvantages to relativism, such as it is very difficult to apply, as judgements are always subjective and based and influenced by peoples’ thoughts, feeling and opinions, so everyone’s ideas of what is right and wrong will be different. Relativism is a lot more difficult to apply than absolutism. Also some acts have always wrong like genocide, so relativism doesn’t allow moral progress. In conclusion, absolute ethics and relativist ethics ways of judgement are both very different, both having lots of disadvantages and advantages. however in my opinion relativist judgements are better, because they take certain situations into account and acts like abortion cannot be wrong.

Molson Coors Case Study

A. Major classifications of an income statement are: †¢Income from continuing operations before tax †¢Discontinued operations (net of tax) †¢Net income from continuing operations †¢Other revenues and expenses †¢Operating income †¢Extraordinary items (net of tax) †¢Net income before extraordinary items †¢Net income †¢Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (net of tax) B. Companies various activities and transactions differ in stability and risks thereby indicating a need for information about various components of earnings.The requirement to provide classified income statements help users better assess the persistence of earnings and the risk related to various components of net income. Income statements may include non recurring items which should be considered in determining future earnings and or cash flows, moreover GAAP require separate disclosure of a number of these items, for instance discontinued operations, thereby gi ving a better picture of financial statements. C. In accounting, current income statements do not reflect future expectations.Part of the roles of accounting information is for evaluation and valuation. Persistent income of a company will affect the assumptions of future earnings and or cash flows, which will help to better project a company’s valuation. D. (INSERT ANSWER HERE) E. (INSERT ANSWER HERE) F. (INSERT ANSWER HERE) G. (INSERT ANSWER HERE) H. (INSERT ANSWER HERE) I. (INSERT ANSWER HERE) J. i. Non-operating items are the following: Interest expense-it is related to non-operating liabilities and Interest income- it is related to long-term loans. Debt extinguishment costs.Minority interest: the part of the net income destined to the minority owners is considered as non-operating. Discontinued operations. ii. 20072006 Interest expense(126462)(143070) Interest income2658716289 Debt extinguishment costs (24478) 0 Other income1766217736 Non-operating items (106691)(109045) Tax 28%(29873)(30533) Non-operating items after tax (76818)(78512) Discontinued operations (17682)(12525) Minority interest (15318)(16089) Total non-operating items (109818)(107126) iii. 20072006 Net income497192361031 Net expense 109818107126 NOPAT607010468157 K.Non-operating assets: current notes receivable Notes receivable Noncurrent assets of discontinued operations Non-operating liabilities: short term borrowing Current portion long-term debt Current liabilities of discontinued operations Long-term debt Derivative hedging instruments Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations k. ii. 20072006 Total assets 1345156611603413 Non-operating assets -194503229290 Operating assets 1325706311374123 Total liabilities 62854245739275 Non-operating liabilities -2907976-2523472 Operating liabilities33504483215803 Net operating assets 99066158158320L. (2007) : 607010/9906615 = 6. 13% (2006): 468157/8158320 = 5. 75% RNOA has increased from 2006 to 2007 but is is low compared to industry. m. Operating profit margin (2007) 607010/ 6190592= 9. 81% (2006) 468157/ 5844985 = 8. 01% Net operating asset turnover components (2007) 6190592/ 9906615 = 0. 625 (2006) 5844985/ 8158320 = 0. 716 The operating profit margin =9. 81 % that means that the company realized 9. 8 cents of operating profit this indicator have increased from 2006 to 2007even if the operating asset turnover has decreased. n. Non-persistent items:Debt extinguishment costs Other income (expenses) Loss from discontinued operations Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle o- i The effective tax rate is 0. 8% = 4186/534378 p. The following income statement shows persistent earnings. 2007 as reported Presistent Net sales $6,190,592 $6,190,592 Cost of goods sold (3,702,921) (3,702,921) Gross profit 2,487,671 2,487,671 Marketing, general and admin. (1,734,408) (1,734,408) Special items, net (112,194) (111,663) Operating income 641,069 641,600 Interest expense (126,462) (126,462)Interest income 26,587 26,5 87 Debt extinguishment costs (24,478) 0 Other income (expense), net 17,662 7,384 Total other expense (106,691) (92,491) Income before tax 534,378 549,109 Income tax expense (4,186) (153,751) Minority interests (15,318) (15,318) Income from continuing operations 514,874 380,040 Loss from discontinued operations (17,682) 0 Net income $497,192 $380,040 q. Persistent Interest expense $(126,462) Interest income 26,587 Other income / (expense) 7,384 Nonoperating items reported on a before-tax basis (92,491) Tax at marginal rate of 28% (25,897)Minority interest (15,316) Total nonoperating items $ (81,912) Persistent Net operating profit after tax $461,952 Net income Persistent income Return on net operating assets 6. 13% 4. 66%1 Net operating profit margin 9. 81% 7. 46%2 Net operating asset turnover 0. 625 0. 625 These numbers are mainly informative about the company’s future profitability. To use the numbers to evaluate management’s performance, we may include these one-time charges. But to use the number to value the firm, the persistent numbers are better predictors of future, expected profits.

Application of psychological theories at the Queens Hospital

Abstract This report analyses the application of psychological theories at the Queens Hospital where I was on placement as a Health Care Assistant. Health psychology takes into consideration the context of individuals’ lives, beliefs, behaviours and other risk factors in order to achieve the desired objectives, which in this case is to provide the best ways of attending to the patients. The hospital uses the biopsychosocial model, psychoanalytical and the task oriented approaches in offering psychological care to the patients. All the three approaches emphasise the idea of ensuring that the patient is the centre of all actions in order to engage them as much as possible in the treatment process. Introduction Picano (2009, p. 44) suggests that in the past the medical practitioners regarded psychology and other social sciences as unimportant soft sciences in the medical profession. However this notion slowly changed as scholars started linking psychology to the well being of both physical and mental health. This paper explores the linkage between psychological theory and practice at the Queens Hospital. I worked as a health care assistant and was a vital part of the team that supported the medical staff and patients in wards and departments throughout the hospital. I had direct links to both the patients and the medical staff and as such I was able to observe the interactions between the patients and other medical staff. As the first point of contact for many patients and members of the public, healthcare assistants need to be well-presented and confident with good interpersonal skills. Some of the tasks are unpleasant and needs flexibility to able to help patients with their personal care without getting embarrassed and making sure they are comfortable. Achieving this requires application of psychological theories into practice in order to be able to offer the best care to the patients in medical settings. Psychological theories Segal & Hersen (2010, p. 47) define psychology as the study of human behavior, emotions and thought processes. Psychological theories if well applied contribute greatly to understanding other people and developing functional relationships. Robins (2007, p. 28) suggests that health psychology is the application of these psychological theories and research in the promotion of evidenced based health. Nevid (2009, p. 33) claims that health psychology takes into consideration the context of individuals’ lives, beliefs, behaviours and other risk factors in order to achieve the desired objectives, which in this case is to provide the best ways of attending to the patients. It is for this reason that it is important for all healthcare personnel to have some psychological knowledge so that they can know how to attend to the patients in the best possible way. The patients come from varied social and cultural backgrounds valuing certain behaviours and beliefs over others. Walker (2007, p . 36) claims that this may place more risk or less risk of illness than the others. In this case therefore, some sociological knowledge is equally essential to the healthcare practitioners. In the same way, some knowledge of biomedical sciences is critical in the comprehension of the link between physiological and psychological process (Hefferon & Boniwell, 2011, p. 67). Therefore, psychology complements these other disciplines in making important contributions to the well being of the patients. Psychology is important to health and social care because health care professionals spend most of their time interacting with the patients. An important aspect of their job is to encourage and promote the well being of the patients and those around them. Before going further into the discussion, it is important to first define the meaning of health in order to be able to bring out the importance of psychology to the discipline clearly. Irwin & Rippe, (2008, p. 18) define health as a state of complete social, physical and mental well being and not just the absence of infirmity or disease. This is an important goal to health care professionals working in health and social care and it is the reason why they need the knowledge and skills to help them work toward their achievement. Psychological theories and research contributes to the improvement of health and social care through appreciation of other people’s feelings in order to offer them individualised care. Patterson & Lipschitz (2008, p. 44) claim that health care is among the most complicated services because it faces the challenge of client diversity and need variability. Patients come to the hospital with different needs caused by many different diseases; some of them adhere to the requirements of behavioural change while others don’t. In addition to this, some patients do not even finish taking the prescribed drugs which makes the treatment process more difficult for the doctors and nurses. In addit ion to this it also faces huge pressure from other factors because the whole process occurs around beds and wards. The health care professionals operate in an abstract world and are faced by both psychological and social forces guiding them from the point of admitting the patients to administration of treatment. They attend to patients with different psychological needs and as such must be well equipped with psychological theories in order to attend to them in the best possible ways. Patterson & Lipschitz (2008, p. 24) assert that while all health care issues have their own controversies and debates, at times moments of transient consensus often occur. This stems from the fact that the role of patients in medical settings have gradually changed along environmental and social lines in the western society over the years. The major changes include aspects like consistent erosion of the previously perceived omnipotence of physicians, increase acceleration of information exchange, and in creased awareness of the rights of the patients. Greenberg (2007, p. 22) suggests that the prevalent situation in most hospitals today is the partnership model that is acceptable to both the providers and the patients. These patients no longer play passive roles as recipients of medical procedures but are actively involved in deciding the clinical decisions affecting them. Ninivaggi (2010, p. 17) asserts that this new arrangement raises ethical issues in the determination of best interests and delegation of authority to the relevant personnel to pursue them. Psychology seeks to understand and explain why people behave in certain ways both as individuals and in groups. It does not only seek to understand and predict behaviour but also looks into ways of changing them in order to improve the quality of life. This is closely linked to what the medical practitioners do as they also seek to understand the behaviour of the patients, treat them and then direct them on healthy living practi ces. Medical practitioners often employ psychological theories in the dispensation of their duties because medical care has its foundations in psychology, sociology and biology (Marini, Glover-Graf, & Millington, 2012, p. 30). Theory provides the medical personnel with the framework and goals for assessment, diagnosis and intervention. For instance the nurses working at the hospital focused on the aspects of care that are holistic in nature for more effective judgment of different patient situations and conditions. The goals of care helped the nurses by providing a checklist by which the services that they provide are measured against. In deed Walker (2007, p. 65) says that theory is an effective tool that renders practice more efficient through comparing the outcomes against the set goals and then providing mechanisms for rectifying problems as soon as they are detected. Application of psychological theories at the hospital As a health care assistant I was many times faced with the challenge of choosing the appropriate theory or set of theories to apply in any given circumstances. This was not an easy decision because I realised that selection of only one theory in a certain circumstance would have placed restrictions on practice and probably led to inefficiencies. It is for this reason that I relied heavily on theory adoption where I took a theory and then altered it to suit the situation where I was applying it and in other cases I had to use it alongside another one. I learned that most of the patients were going through intense stress as a result of their illnesses. Some of the patients adjusted well to their new conditions whereas others developed some form of psychological disorders secondary to their physical diseases especially for those that were unable to do basic things like going to the toilet and bathing. In addition to this, some patients also showed physical symptoms for which there is no significant medical explanations and most of them were as a result of unrecognised psychological problems. I was able to learn from the nurses and other hospital staff as I realised that they were applying psychological theories in dealing with the stressed patients. They used the biopsychosocial model to explain to me the reasons why the patients were stressed. This was a very resourceful tool in the assessment of psychological stress among the patients in the hospital. The model included both environmental parameters and personal processes of perception and being able to cope with the different stress factors at the hospital. Greenberg (2007, p. 30) claims that the effects of stress have a positive correlation to coping. Coping in this case as defined by the Lazarus theory is constantly changing both cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage the existent taxing demands of the internal or external environment (Pickren & Rutherford, 2010, p. 52). The doctors and nurses encouraged dialogue with the patients because they considered it an important aspect in the management of psychological and psychiatric elements of physical ill health. Greenberg (2009, p. 67) suggests that this relationship is beneficial to both the medical team and the patients. It is very important for patients particularly for those with serious physical and psychological problems to have a more personal relationship with the nurses and doctors in order to create and sustain a therapeutic relationship for better health care delivery (Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2011, p. 94). This will be helpful for the health care personnel to identify the patients that need psychological treatment in good time and offer immediate attention to help them cope with the mental problems. The doctor patient relationship is explained by two other approaches which are the psychoanalytical and the task oriented approaches (Bekerian & Levey 2012, p. 31). All the approaches emphasise the idea of ensuring that the pati ent is the centre of all actions in order to engage them as much as possible in the treatment process. Greenberg (2007, p. 32) says that these approaches demand that for an effective treatment to be achieved there has to be an efficient partnership and information sharing between the patients and the doctors. Nevid (2012, p. 89) says that the information has to flow both ways in order to improve the clinical outcomes through cognitive (knowledge), behavioural (adherence to advice) and affective (satisfaction). Indeed the application of psychological theories at the hospital was beyond what I had imagined it will be at first. I observed that the patients were mostly able to recall more information when they were satisfied. The non cooperative patients seemed to remember less information and the hospital staff in most cases had to offer them specialised care. Good communication was also maintained among the clinicians to ensure that the information flowing to the patients was consiste nt in order to eliminate any possibility of conflicting information reaching the patients. This was important because any conflicting information would have left the patients wondering who to believe and this would have even made things worse for them. Conclusion Application of psychological theories in medical settings is an important aspect of the treatment process because the patients need to be attended to psychology as well. As indicated in the paper some patients find it difficult to cope with their new conditions in the hospital and go to the extent of developing mental disorders as a result. This is the reason why the hospital made use of psychological theories in understanding their behaviour and condition in order to be able to attend to them efficiently. This is a big lesson that I learned from my placement at the Queens Hospital and I will apply it once I start working in the hospital. I am now aware of the fact that ignoring the psychological needs of the patients places them at an increased risk of developing psychological disorders and as such will always apply psychological theories in communicating with them in order to know how they feel and the best possible ways of attending to them.ReferencesBekerian, D. A., & Levey, A. B . (2012). Applied psychology: Putting theory into practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Greenberg, T. M. C. (2007). The psychological impact of acute and chronic illness: A practical guide for primary care physicians. New York: Springer. Greenberg, T. M. C. (2009). Psychodynamic perspectives on aging and illness. Dordrech: Springer. Hefferon, K., & Boniwell, I. (2011). Positive psychology: Theory, research and applications. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open University Press. Irwin, R. S., & Rippe, J. M. (2008). Irwin and Rippe’s intensive care medicine. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Marini, I., Glover-Graf, N. M., & Millington, M. J. (2012). Psychosocial aspects of disability: Insider perspectives and counseling strategies. New York: Springer Pub. Nevid, J. S. (2009). Psychology: Concepts and applications. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. Nevid, J. S. (2012). Essentials of psychology: Concepts and applications. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Ninivaggi, F. J. (2010). Envy theory: Perspectives on the psychology of envy. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Patterson, J. A., & Lipschitz, I. N. (2008). Psychological counseling research focus. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Picano, E. (2009). Stress echocardiography: [CD-ROM included]. Berlin: Springer. Pickren, W. E., & Rutherford, A. (2010). A history of modern psychology in context. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley. Robins, R. W. (2007). Handbook of research methods in personality psychology. New York: Guilford. Segal, D. L., & Hersen, M. (2010). Diagnostic interviewing. New York: Springer. Sitzman, K., & Eichelberger, L. W. (2011). Understanding the work of nurse theorists: A creative beginning. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Walker, J. (2007). Psychology for nurses and the caring professions. Maidenhead, Berkshire: Open University Press

The Sarbanes Oxley Act Dealt With Four Major Issues Accounting Essay

What responsibilities did David Duncan owe to Arthur Andersen? To Enron ‘s direction? To Enron ‘s shareholders? To the accounting profession? David Duncan owed Arthur Anderson the duty to make what a sensible employee would make in any state of affairs to include a responsibility to work with sensible attention and accomplishment. Not to interrupt concern, non to vie in concern against Arthur Anderson while still working for them as an employee or behavior Acts of the Apostless of corporate espionage, nor to unwrap Arthur Anderson? s confidential information. Duncan had the responsibility and duty to be honest, and carry out and follow the orders of Arthur Anderson, so long as they were legal, and if non to unwrap the error, even if this will imply him. As a professional comptroller, David Duncan had an duty to record, supply, and attest to information sing the economic personal businesss of Enron. Because investors and creditors place great trust on fiscal statements in doing their investing and recognition determinations, it is imperative that the fiscal coverage procedure be true and reliable. ‘ Therefore, the duty Duncan owed to Enron? s direction and Enron? s Stockholders was to exert the general responsibility of public presentation, accomplishment and attention of the ordinarily prudent comptroller in the same fortunes and detect a criterion of ethical or societal duty. This responsibility is non merely morally right, but it is required by jurisprudence, and arises from the jurisprudence of carelessness, contract, and fiduciaries ; required by those in professional services, such as comptrollers. David Duncan owed a duty to the accounting profession to continue and adhere to the ethical codification of the profession. These codifications of moralss are established throughout the professional associations of comptrollers such as The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, The Institute of Management Accountants and the Institute of Internal Auditors. These codifications provide guidelines for responsible behaviour by accounting professionals, and stress unity, objectiveness, confidentiality, and competence. Duncan failed in his duties to Arthur Anderson, Enron? s direction and shareholders, and the accounting profession. He did non keep his unity, objectiveness, confidentiality, and competence. He did non decently follow By and large Accepted Accounting Principles and unwrap Enron? s true fiscal position, ensuing in an inauspicious impact to Arthur Anderson employees and Enron? s shareholders and employees. When he suspected Enron of unethical behaviour, he failed to inform direction at Enron or Arthur Anderson, his silence was a inactive tolerance to their behaviour. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants codification of moralss suggests that the best involvement of the client is served when comptrollers fulfill their duty to the populace, one time once more Duncan failed. What are the ethical duties of a corporate lawyer, such as Nancy Temple, who works for an â€Å" aggressive † client wishing to force the envelope of legality? The professional responsibilities of an lawyer, who represents or advises hearers, as was the instance with Nancy Temple and Arthur Anderson, must integrate an consciousness of the hearer ‘s professional duties. Nancy Temple finally owes her responsibility to Arthur Andersen as in-house advocate and was ethically bound to prosecute the involvements of her client and in making so serves the public involvement best by stand foring Arthur Andersen? s involvements. As an lawyer admitted to the Illinois saloon, Nancy Temple was capable to the Illinois Rules of Professional Conduct. These regulations impose professional duties of competency, diligence, communicating, and confidentiality. Under both the Illinois Rules and the Model Rules, if a attorney stand foring an organisation â€Å" knows that an officer, employee, or other individual associated with the organisation † is go againsting the jurisprudence in a mode that is â€Å" likely to ensue in significant hurt to the organisation, † the attorney shall react by taking â€Å" moderately necessary † steps that are â€Å" in the best involvement of the organisation. † Such steps may finally ensue in the attorney â₠¬Ëœs surrender, but shall be designed to minimise the hazard of uncovering confidential information. Nancy Temple, although non be required to unwrap Arthur Andersen? s confidential information, she could hold elected to stop representation of Arthur Anderson? s due to their engagement in fraud and illegal Acts of the Apostless. Under what conditions should an employee such as Sherron Watkins blow the whistling to outside governments? To whom did she owe trueness? Although touted as the â€Å" Enron whistle blower † Sherron Watkins ne'er truly blew a whistling. Whistle-blowing is the release of information by a member or past member of an organisation who has grounds of illegal or immoral behavior in the organisation, or behavior in the organisation that is non in the public involvement. Whistle-blowing reveals information that would non be normally revealed in mundane context. In about every instance whistle-blowing involves an existent or at least a declared purpose to forestall something bad that would otherwise occur ( Beauchamp, Bowie, & A ; Arnold, 2008 ; Boatright, 2000 ) . Sharron Watkins, as a whistle blower should hold written the missive to the Houston Chronicle ; Watkins wrote it to Ken Lay, saying â€Å" We ‘re such a crooked company † and warned him of possible whistle blowers skulking among them, and recommended actions to understate, or minimise the harm ( Time Magazine ; Beauchamp, Bowie, & A ; Arnold, 2008 ) . In the finding and under which conditions an employee should blow the whistling to outside governments there are two theories, DE Georges? Standard theory and Davis? s Complicity theory. Harmonizing to DE Georges? Standard Theory, whistle-blowing is allowable when the company will make serious injury, the whistle blower has reported the menace to her superior but concludes it will non be fixed, and the whistle blower has exhausted other internal coverage processs. Furthermore, whistle-blowing is required when there is converting grounds to an impartial perceiver, and a good ground to believe uncovering the menace will forestall the injury at sensible cost ( Beauchamp, Bowie, & A ; Arnold, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to Davis? s Complicity Theory, whistle-blowing is morally required when the information derives from the persons work at the organisation and non obtained through illegal agencies, such as descrying. That the person is a voluntary member of the organisation and are non being held against their will or hale. The single believes there is serious moral wrong-doing, non a injury. The single believes their work will lend or in some manner be supportive to the moral incorrect if they do non travel public ( Beauchamp, Bowie, & A ; Arnold, 2008 ) . Sharon Watkins, Vice President and a certified public comptroller, knew the information was damaging, both harmful and morally incorrect, to investors, shareholders, and employees likewise. She did informed her supervisor CEO Ken Lay of sensed abnormalities in the accounting patterns of Fastow? s Special Purpose entities. Therefore, within the context of both theories, she was justified to alarm outside authorizes. To whom did Sharron Watkins owe trueness? Ronald Duska argues that the employee does non hold an duty of trueness to a company, and that whistle-blowing is allowable, particularly when a company is harming society ( Beauchamp, Bowie, & A ; Arnold, 2008 ) . Additionally, since Sharron Watkins was a member of a professional organisation as a Certified Public Accountant, she was required by their professional codification of moralss to describe unethical behaviour on the portion of her fellow professionals in order to modulate their profession, therefore she owed trueness to the populace, her profession and herself. To whom does the board of managers owe their primary duty? Can you believe of any jurisprudence or ordinances that would assist guarantee that boards run into their primary duties? In the United States, corporate jurisprudence dictates that a board of managers must supervise the leading of the house to guarantee that the corporation is run right and efficaciously in the long-run involvement of stockholders. Therefore, the board of managers owes their primary duty to investors ; they owe both the responsibility of attention, or due diligence, and the responsibility of trueness, or seting the investors foremost in their decision-making. Boardss of managers are by and large recognized as holding five cardinal charges. First, and most of import, they must choose, proctor, evaluate, and when necessary replace the CEO of the house, with a cardinal implicit in responsibility of prosecuting in careful, beforehand sequence planning. Second, the board is responsible for signing the company? s overarching vision and strategic program, once it is developed by the CEO and his or her staff. Advising and reding the CEO and other top directors as needed is a 3rd map of the board, underlining the importance of a board? s diverseness of expertness. The board? s 4th duty is to turn up and put up high-quality board members and to measure the procedures of the board and the public presentation of both the board and its members. Finally, the board is responsible for guaranting the adequateness of the house? s internal control systems, a responsibility that is now reinforced by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 act was designed to protect stockholder value and the general populace from corporate error. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act dealt with four major issues in corporate administration of public corporations. First, the act created an inadvertence board to put and implement auditing criterions and discipline public company hearers. Second, the act intended to further auditor independency. Third, the act increased corporate duty, by necessitating that CEOs and CFOs certify all periodic studies incorporating the company? s fiscal consequences. Having cognition of the enfranchisement of false statements is capable to condemnable liability. Finally, the act enhanced fiscal revelation with respect to the off-balance-sheet minutess and duties with amalgamate entities and persons. These cardinal commissariats of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act have significantly strengthened the function of the board of managers and have made directions more accountable. What responsibilities do authorities regulators owe to concern? To the market? To the general populace? â€Å" One of the chief duties of authorities regulators is to guarantee that the Torahs they enforce are on a regular basis reviewed, and on occasion adjusted, to take history of altering conditions in the world. ? Federal Trade Commission Government regulators, such as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, are responsible for administrating Torahs written to supply protection for investors. The duty authorities regulators owe to concerns is to guarantee they are in conformity with the Torahs in consequence. With respect to the market, the duty to ensures markets are just and honest, and if necessary, implement the Torahs through the appropriate countenances. To the populace, regulators owe the duty of trust, to supply the assurance to the populace that the market and concern are carry oning operations in a just, and legal mode and to supply for informed investing analysis and determination devising by the public investors, chiefly by guaranting equal revelation of stuff information Are accounting and jurisprudence professions or concerns? What is the difference? A concern is a lawfully recognized organisation designed to supply goods, services, or both to consumers or other concern in exchange for money. Whereas a profession is a career that is to provide disinterested advocate and service to others for a direct and definite compensation without outlook of other concern additions. In that the primary motivation of concern is to do a net income, and in making so may neglect, a professional is relatively safe as he earns fees for his services and there can non be negative fees. In set uping a concern, no particular educational or proficient makings are required, other than supplying a demand, service, or trade good to the market, a professional is required to get a peculiar grade or making prescribed by a peculiar professional organic structure. Most significantly, in a concern upon completion of the dealing there is no premise or implied contract of any kind, but in a profession their actions, workss, or services do attach to an implied contr act, a contract which provides that the service or information provided is true, complete, and verifiable. A professional ‘s good repute is one of his or her most of import ownerships Peoples need to hold assurance in the quality of the complex services provided by professionals. Because of these high outlooks, professions have adopted codifications of moralss, besides known as codifications of professional behavior. Codes of professional behavior are of extreme importance to professionals and those who rely on their services. These ethical codifications call for their members to keep a degree of self-denial that goes beyond the demands of Torahs and ordinances. Professionals know that people who use their services, particularly determination shapers, anticipate them to be extremely competent, dependable, and nonsubjective. Those who work in a professional field must non merely be good qualified but must besides possess a high grade of professional unity. Both comptrollers and lawyers are professions, in that they both must provide disinterested advocate for a set fee, they are hired or contracted to execute a service and in making that service, are to supply an honorable appraisal or true information. Therefore they have a professional duty to their clients, to the authorities, and to the populace.